About Ethiopia

Travel Advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advises against all travel to:

• the whole of Tigray regional state except the towns and connecting roads of Mekelle; southward to Maychew; northwards to Adigrat; west and north-westward to Abiy Addi, Adwa and Shire; and eastward to Abala on the Tigray/Afar border
• all of Amhara regional state
• the whole of Gambella regional state
• north of (but not including) the A4 road in West Shewa Zone, and south and west of (but not including) the A3 in North Shewa Zone in the Oromia regional state
• the West Wollega Zone, East Wollega Zone, Kellem Wellega and Horo Gudru Wellega in the Oromia regional state
• the whole of the Metekel Zone and Maokomo Special zone in the Benishangul Gumuz regional state
• within 20 km of the border with Sudan
• within 10 km of the border with South Sudan
• within 100 km of the Ethiopian border with Somalia and Kenya in Ethiopia’s Somali region, and within 30 km of the Ethiopian border with Somalia in Fafan zone, with the exception of border town and crossing at Wajale, and the principal road between Jijiga and Wajale
• within 10 km of the border with Kenya, with the exception of principal roads/towns
• within 10km of the border with Eritrea

The FCDO advises against all but essential travel to:

• within 100km of the border with Tigray regional state to the north of Anseba town in Afar, and within 30km of the border with Tigray regional state to the south of Anseba town in Afar
• in Ethiopian Somali Regional State, the Siti zone, the Nogob (previously Fik), Jarar (previously Degehabur), Shabelle (previously Gode), Korahe and Dollo (previously Warder), and the areas of Liben and Afder zones more than 100km from the Somalia and Kenya borders
• the West Guji and Guji zones in the Oromia regional state
• the road and 10km either side of the road between Welenchiti and Metehara on the A1 in East Shewa zone of Oromia regional state
• the Konso Special Woreda of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR)
• the rest of the Benishangul Gumuz regional state

There have been violent protests and clashes between security forces and informal militia across Amhara regional state since April 2023 including violent clashes in the major towns and cities of Bahir Dar, Gondar and Lalibela. Violence could emerge without warning. Travellers are at risk of being caught in crossfire. FCDO advises that you shelter in place and if this is not possible that you proceed to a safe location and stay there until it is safe to leave.

The Government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front signed a peace agreement to cease hostilities in Tigray in November 2022. Implementation of disarmament and reconstruction measures have begun. The situation in Tigray continues to be fragile and the possibility of isolated armed incidents remains.

The FCDO advises against all travel to Tigray region, except the towns and connecting roads of Mekelle; southward to Maychew; northwards to Adigrat; west and north-westward to Abiy Addi, Adwa and Shire; and eastward to Abala on the Tigray/Afar border, and to parts of northern Amhara region. If you are in Tigray region, you should leave where safe to do so. If you are in the vicinity of military activity and you cannot leave safely, you should stay indoors, away from windows and remain alert to developments that would enable you to leave safely. See Tigray Region, Amhara Region, and Afar Region.

In July 2022, Al-Shabaab fighters attacked the towns of Aato, Yeed and Washaaqo, near to the border between Somalia and Ethiopia. Al-Shabaab has indicated its intention to commit further attacks in the area and there may be further fighting. Travellers in Somali Regional State should remain vigilant at all times.

There have been reports of incidents along the Addis Ababa – Bahir Dar (A3) road, including those of armed men attacking vehicles. These usually take place in the early hours when there is poor visibility. You should exercise additional caution and avoid traveling in the dark or when visibility is poor. The A3 road can be subject to increased check points and/or closure by the Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF).

There has been an increase in sporadic conflicts between armed groups in Oromia region and Amhara region. These are mostly reported to be taking place in rural areas of Oromia region, with limited clashes in Amhara region, including in urban areas. Air strikes against armed groups in the West Shewa zone have been reported. The FCDO advises against all travel to areas north of (but not including) the A4 road in West Shewa Zone, and south and west of (but not including) the A3 in North Shewa Zone. The FCDO advises against all but essential travel on the A1 road and 10 km either side of the road between Melenchite and Metehara. You should exercise extreme caution when travelling and be aware that situations have potential to escalate quickly. See Amhara Region and Oromia Region

The current political and security situation means that the consular support the British Embassy can provide may be limited. If you need urgent help, call +251 (0)11 617 0100. If you experience technical difficulties or if you are in the UK call +44 (0)20 7008 5000.

For information on returning to the UK from Ethiopia, see Returning to the UK.

It is more important than ever to get travel insurance and check it provides appropriate cover. See the FCDO’s guidance on foreign travel insurance.

There are frequent incidences of civil unrest in Ethiopia, including protests and strikes. Some of these can cause temporary closure of roads, internet and mobile networks or disruption to local businesses and transport. In the past some protests have escalated into serious violence. See Local travel

Terrorists are likely to try to carry out attacks in Ethiopia. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreigners. You should be vigilant at all times, especially in crowded areas and public places like transport hubs, hotels, restaurants, bars and places of worship and during major gatherings like religious or sporting events. There is a threat of kidnapping in Ethiopia’s Somali region, and on the southern border with Kenya, particularly in the eastern areas to which the FCDO advise against all travel. See Terrorism

Internet connections in Ethiopia, including mobile data, can be intermittent.

Ethiopia is primarily a cash based society and banking facilities, including card payments and ATMs are very limited outside major cities. See Money

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating overseas on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

The Ethiopian government removed all COVID-19 vaccination restrictions for travellers on 28 October 2022.

Check the latest information on risk from COVID-19 for Ethiopia on the TravelHealthPro website

See the TravelHealthPro website for further advice on travel abroad and reducing spread of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Travel in Ethiopia

Travel to the airport

Addis Ababa (Bole International) airport is fully operational. You should arrive at the airport at least two hours before your scheduled departure time. You will need a printed copy of your itinerary, e-ticket or boarding pass in order to be allowed to enter the airport terminal. You should check whether you need a negative COVID-19 test to travel to your destination or for countries you are transiting; this may be requested before your departure. You should comply with all local restrictions.

Health

What to do if you have symptoms

Residents and people already in Ethiopia who start to feel symptoms should wear a face mask, get self-tested or test at a health facility and follow general COVID-19 preventative measures.

If you test positive you should self-isolate at home or at a health facility according to the severity of the illness until declared recovered by a health professional.

Private healthcare facilities

Private healthcare facilities used by the international community with the capability to respond to coronavirus cases exist, but capacity is limited. Most private healthcare facilities continue to offer treatment for other illnesses or injuries. You should check with your insurance company which facilities they recommend and phone the healthcare facility before you visit.

For contact details for English speaking doctors visit our list of healthcare providers.

Your emotional and mental wellbeing is important. Read guidance on how to look after your mental wellbeing and mental health

View Health for further details on healthcare in Ethiopia

See also the guidance on healthcare if you’re waiting to return to the UK.

Finance

For information on financial support you can access whilst abroad, visit our financial assistance guidance.

Further information

If you need urgent consular assistance, contact your nearest British embassy, high commission or consulate. All telephone numbers are available 24/7.

For 24/7 assistance in Ethiopia, contact the British Embassy in Addis Ababa on +251 116 170 100.

If you are staying or living in Ethiopia, further information is available in our guide to Living in Ethiopia.

Useful Ethiopian links during the coronavirus pandemic include:

• The Prime Minister’s Office (website, Facebookand Twitter
• The Ethiopian Public Health Institute (website and Twitter)
• Minister of Health (Twitter)
• Official Government of Ethiopia Covid-19 (website)
• Ethiopian Airlines (website)

Crime

Addis Ababa and other major urban areas are comparatively safe compared to many African cities. However, the British Embassy has received increased reports of foreign nationals being targeted by groups of youths or scam artists. Petty theft and mugging is on the rise. There has been a smaller number of more serious incidents, including sexual harassment of women and robberies.

Be vigilant if approached by strangers seeking assistance - criminal gangs are known to use distraction techniques including begging, spitting or spilling food/drink on you or feigning illness. Take particular care when visiting crowded public places, especially at night. There has been an increase in violent robberies at parks and walking sites in Addis Ababa. If threatened, hand over your valuables without resistance.

Keep belongings on your person while travelling in taxis, and keep valuables like cameras and passports out of sight. Be aware of the risk of pickpocketing, bag and jewellery snatching including from vehicles stopped at traffic lights in Addis Ababa. Keep car doors locked whilst in your vehicle, and when parking leave your car in a well-lit and guarded area. Consider fitting anti-shatter film to all windows on your vehicle.

Large crowds are common on key national and religious dates. These include Ethiopian Christmas on 7 January, Epiphany/’Timket’ in January, Victory of Adawa on 2 March, Ethiopian Patriots’ Victory Day on 5 May, Downfall of the Derg on 28 May, Ethiopian New Year on 11-12 September and The Finding of the True Cross/’Meskel’ in September. Large crowds also gather on Ethiopian (Orthodox) Easter; Eid Al Fitr; Eid Al Arafa and the Birthday of the Prophet Mohammed. Various parts of the country also have local festivals which can lead to large gatherings, often celebrating Saints days.

There have been a small number of cases of arbitrary detention of British nationals in Ethiopia in recent years. There’s a risk that this could reoccur – particularly where tensions are heightened (for example around major events, or in locations that might be deemed sensitive for security reasons). You should carry copies of your passport and the contact details of the British Embassy Addis Ababa at all times. This may help if you’re questioned or detained. However, you should be aware that the Ethiopian authorities will not necessarily notify embassies when foreign nationals are detained. Even if requested, adequate consular access is not always granted.

Health and safety

Health and safety precautions like life jackets in boats or protective railings at historical sites are rarely in place in Ethiopia.

Road travel

Driving standards and vehicle maintenance are often poor and traffic accidents are a regular occurrence in Ethiopia, especially in Addis Ababa and on the Addis Ababa-Djibouti road. In Addis Ababa, it is advised to use either the metered yellow taxis or app based companies as they offer greater accountability and generally have higher standards of maintenance than the blue and white taxis. The quality of driving and vehicle condition can vary greatly.

Under Ethiopian law, drivers involved in car accidents can face severe punishments, including custodial sentences and fines. You should be very careful when travelling by car. If you’re involved in a traffic accident you should remain in your vehicle and call the local police. You should avoid confrontation and await their arrival to resolve the matter.

In the past some localised demonstrations have led to temporary closures of roads or the targeting of public transport. However, not all reports on social media channels of such disruptions are accurate. If you’re unsure, you should contact local authorities or reputable tour operators in the areas you’re travelling to.

If you encounter a roadblock you should follow the advice of local authorities at the road block if they are present. If you encounter an unattended roadblock, turn around and don’t attempt to pass it.

When travelling outside Addis Ababa, you should avoid driving after dark in rural areas: vehicles often have no lights and livestock may be roaming on the roads. There have been instances where buses from one region have been attacked when passing through another. Medical facilities outside the capital are extremely limited so carry a comprehensive medical pack. You should also consider communications – whilst mobile telephone services are increasingly widespread, connectivity cannot be guaranteed, and there have been multiple examples of mobile internet being closed down with no notice. You may wish to consider travelling in a party and leaving details of your travel itinerary with a reliable person.

Local travel

See Summary and Addis Ababa.

There are frequent incidences of civil unrest in Ethiopia, including protests and strikes. Some of these can cause temporary closure of roads or disruption to local business and transport, and in the past some have escalated into serious violence. Internet and mobile networks may be closed or disrupted during civil unrest. These incidents are often limited in duration and localised. Where they occur, we advise reconsidering any travel plans to the specified area and not to travel until the situation has calmed. This travel advice will flag incidents of concern, where British Embassy staff have received specific advice, but as unrest can occur with little or no notice you are also advised to monitor local news and reconsider travel plans to areas where disturbances are reported. If you’re unsure, contact local authorities or reputable tour operators in the areas you’re travelling to.

Addis Ababa

Travelers, particularly those of Tigrayan or Oromo ethnicity, may face increased scrutiny, although this could affect all people, including at the airport and through direct police operations. There are reports that ethnic Tigrayans have been prevented from boarding flights at Bole International Airport. You should comply with the law, including on carrying ID cards, possession of foreign currency and possession of weapons. You should avoid confrontation and follow the instructions of the authorities.

You should be alert to petty theft around Bole Addis Ababa International Airport, particularly pickpockets and bag snatches. When in or around the airport, keep valuables secure and out of sight. Only use buses or taxis from the airport that have been organised by your hotel or travel company, or choose yellow or app based taxis rather than the blue and white ones.

There has been an increase in the level of reported crime against both expats and Ethiopian nationals in the Bole Medhanealem, Bole Atlas, Meskel Square, Yeka Hills and Entoto areas of Addis Ababa. These have included robberies at knife point and the choking unconscious of victims by their attackers. Don’t travel alone in these areas if possible. You should exercise caution if travelling on foot, and consider using road transportation where possible, both during the daytime and especially after dark. If threatened, hand over your valuables without resistance.

Afar Region

The FCDO advises against all but essential travel to all areas within 100km of the border with Tigray regional state to the north of Anseba town in Afar, and all areas within 30km of the border with Tigray regional state to the south of Anseba town. The FCDO advises against all travel to within 10km of the border with Eritrea in Afar regional state.

You should exercise caution in these areas and remain alert to developments. Some flights across northern Ethiopia remain suspended. Domestic and international land borders may be closed. Mobile networks and internet connections may be disrupted. You should monitor local media for further information and comply with local authority instructions.

There are ongoing armed clashes between ethnic groups in Hanruka, Gela’alo, Gewane, and Adaytu Woredas of Afar region and the bordering areas of Somali Regional State and Dire Dawa. There are reports of road closures and roadblocks in the area, including on the main Addis Ababa to Djibouti road. If you’re travelling in the area, monitor local media and follow the advice of local authorities and your tour operator. If you encounter a roadblock you should follow the advice of local authorities at the road block if they are present. If you encounter an unattended roadblock, turn around and don’t attempt to pass it.

If you’re planning to visit the Danakil desert area, you should be aware of the risk of excessive heat and the difficult terrain in some areas, notably around the volcano of Erta Ale. Facilities are basic in Danakil; there is no running water and medical options are very limited.

Tourism in the area has previously been targeted by armed groups in 2007, 2012 and 2017. You should only travel to this area with a recognised tour company and when booking check that your group will be supported by an armed police or military escort.

Amhara Region

The FCDO advises against all travel to all of Amhara region. There has been increased violence in the region characterised by informal Amhara militias “Fano” taking control of areas and Fano and Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) conflict in these areas. This has increased the risk to BNs in this region. The instability has been widespread across the region and has included violent clashes in the major cities of Bahir Dar, Gondar and Lalibela as well as more rural towns and villagesMost recently Lalibela Airport has been taken over by Fano militias.

There have been violent protests and clashes between security forces in Amhara regional state since 7 April, resulting in an unknown number of deaths including of two NGO workers. Violence could emerge without warning. Travellers are at risk of being caught in crossfire. Roads can be subject to increased check points and/or closure by both ENDF and Fano militia. If you encounter a roadblock you should follow the advice of local authorities at the roadblock if they are present. If you encounter an unattended roadblock, turn around and don’t attempt to pass it.

Some flights across northern Ethiopia, , including from Lalibela and Gondar airports have been suspended. Domestic and international land borders may be closed. Mobile networks and internet connections may be disrupted. You should monitor local media for further information and comply with local authority instructions.

Gambella Region

The FCDO advises against all travel to the Gambella Region.

Incidents of large-scale violence, inter-communal clashes and armed attacks occur regularly in the Gambella region, with heavy fire reported on 14 June 2022. While foreigners have not been targeted, there’s a significant risk of being caught up in violence.

Oromia Region

The FCDO advises against all travel to within 10km of the Kenyan border with the exception of major towns and crossing points.

The FCDO advises against all travel to West Wollega zone, including the main Addis Ababa to Gambella road, and to East Wollega Zone, Kellem Wollega and Horo Gudru Wollega. There have been repeated and serious instances of violence in these areas including clashes between armed groups and security forces, violent crime and roadside attacks.

The FCDO advises against all travel to areas north of (but not including) the A4 road in West Shewa Zone, and south and west of (but not including) the A3 in North Shewa Zone. The FCDO advises against all but essential travel on the A1 road and 10 km either side of the road between Melenchite and Metehara. There have been reports during late October of air strikes against armed groups in the West Shewa area. These could take place in a range of locations without prior notice. Extreme caution should be exercised when travelling in the West Shewa zone, in particular in rural areas.

There continue to be increased tensions and violence between armed groups and the security forces across Oromia region, particularly Shewa, Haraghe and Guji zones. You should avoid military, police and security installations, exercise extreme caution and follow the advice of local authorities.

Since November 2022, there has been a marked increase in incidents between armed groups in Oromia region, including the Oromo Liberation Army, the regional government-led Oromo Special Forces and informal Amhara militias. These have primarily been reported in rural areas of Oromia region and areas bordering Amhara region. As these are not contained to specific areas in Oromia region, you should exercise caution when traveling, particularly between urban centres, and be aware that situations have potential to escalate quickly.

There is a threat of kidnapping in western areas of Oromia region, particularly West Wollega, East Wollega and Qellem Wollega Zones. Recent kidnaps have targeted the mining industry. British Nationals working in the area should avoid regular patterns of travel or movement, and aim to only travel during daylight hours.

There has been an increase in roadblocks across the Oromia region recently. If you encounter a roadblock you should follow the advice of local authorities at the roadblock if they are present. If you encounter an unattended roadblock, turn around and don’t attempt to pass it.

Protests and demonstrations occur periodically in a range of towns across the Oromia region. Towns in the Wollega and Shewa Zones, and West Arsi Zone, including Ambo, Wolissa, Nekemte and Shashemene, have been particularly affected. Demonstrations have also been witnessed elsewhere including in the Bale Zone to the south-east. Some protests have turned violent and resulted in casualties; others caused severe disruption to road travel including major roads to and from Addis Ababa.

In some instances international investors have been threatened, although the British Embassy is not aware of foreign tourists having been targeted. You should familiarise yourself with the advice above about avoiding large gatherings, and should follow the advice of local authorities and your tour operator.

Ethiopian Somali Region

In July 2022, Al-Shabaab fighters attacked the towns of Aato, Yeed and Washaaqo, near to the border between Somalia and Ethiopia. Al-Shabaab has indicated its intention to commit further attacks in the area and there may be further fighting. Travellers in Somali Regional State should remain vigilant at all times.

The FCDO advises against all travel to within 100 km of the Ethiopian border with Somalia and Kenya in the Afder and Liben Zones of Ethiopia’s Somali region, and within 30 km of the Ethiopian border with Somalia in Fafan zone, with the exception of border town and crossing at Wajale, and the principal road between Jijiga and Wajale.

The FCDO advises against all but essential travel to all other areas of the Somali Regional State, with the exception of the Fafan zone.

There are ongoing armed clashes between ethnic groups in Hanruka, Gela’alo, Gewane, and Adaytu Woredas of Afar region and the bordering areas of Somali Regional State and Dire Dawa. There are reports of road closures and roadblocks in the area, including on the main Addis Ababa to Djibouti road. If you’re travelling in the area, monitor local media and follow the advice of local authorities and your tour operator. If you encounter a roadblock you should follow the advice of local authorities at the road block if they are present. If you encounter an unattended roadblock, turn around and don’t attempt to pass it.

There is local instability, lawlessness, military activity and a general risk of banditry in the Somali Region. Since the mid-1990s, insurgent groups, some affiliated with terrorist organisations, have clashed with government forces. Foreigners have been caught up in the violence or targeted. There have also been attacks on staff working for international NGOs.

Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Sidama Region, South West Region

The FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the Konso Special Woreda of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) due to the risk of fighting between local armed groups, and advises against all travel to within 10km of the borders with South Sudan and Kenya.

Tensions are raised in western parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) with sporadic armed clashes in Konso Zone and surrounding areas, which can flare up quickly and without notice. Clashes have led to a number of deaths.

There have been some instances of civil unrest in towns in the Sidama Region, including Hawassa, and clashes along stretches of the internal border with the Oromia region, especially in the Gedeo Zone. Whilst such disturbances have been less frequent than in several other areas of Ethiopia, a number have turned violent at short notice. You should familiarise yourself with the advice above about avoiding large gatherings, and should follow the advice of local authorities and your tour operator.

Tigray Region

The Government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front signed a peace agreement to cease hostilities in Tigray on 02 November 2022. Implementation of disarmament and reconstruction measures have begun. The situation in Tigray continues to be fragile and the possibility of isolated armed incidents remains.

The FCDO advises against all travel to Tigray regional state except the towns and connecting roads of Mekelle; southward to Maychew; northwards to Adigrat; west and north-westward to Abiy Addi, Adwa and Shire; and eastward to Abala on the Tigray/Afar border. You should leave Tigray Region if it is safe to do so.

Some domestic flights to and from Tigray have been resumed as of 28 December 2022. You should contact your airline before you travel. Some mobile and internet networks have been restored, but large areas remain disconnected. Families should continue to share details with the British Embassy to enable us to locate British nationals in Tigray. If you are in the Tigray region and are able to, you should call: +251 11 617 01 00. If you are calling from the United Kingdom about family or friends you should call 020 7008 5000.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Ethiopia Committee of the Red Cross (ECRC) has set up a service to ‘restore family links’ across Tigray. You can contact them by phone +251 (0) 94 312 2207 or 251 (0) 11 552 7110, email [email protected], or online. You should monitor local media for further information.

There may be restrictions on travel between towns and cities in Tigray Region.

Benishangul-Gumuz Region

The FCDO advise against all travel to within 20km of the border with Sudan due to the risk of armed clashes. We advise against all travel Metekel zone and Maokomo Special Zone, and against all but essential travel to the rest of Benishangul-Gumuz region.

Local tensions have led to ongoing violent clashes, including reported abductions and fatalities. Clashes remain frequent and unpredictable.

There have been occasional instances of civil unrest in and around Assosa. You should familiarise yourself with the advice above about avoiding large gatherings, and should follow the advice of local authorities and your tour operator.

Terrorists are likely to try to carry out attacks in Ethiopia.

Attacks could be indiscriminate including in places visited by foreigners. You should be vigilant at all times, especially in crowded areas and public places such as transport hubs including airports, hotels, restaurants, bars and places of worship and during major gatherings like religious or sporting events.

The terrorist group Al-Shabaab, although based in Somalia, poses a threat across the East Africa region. The group continues to link attacks to regional countries’ military presence in Somalia as part of an African Union peacekeeping mission, and continues to threaten all countries who have military forces in Somalia. The Ethiopian authorities have successfully disrupted a number of planned attacks and made a number of arrests.

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. You should remain vigilant at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Kidnap

If you are working or travelling near the border areas with Kenya, Somalia and Somaliland, you should be aware of the risk of kidnapping. You should maintain a high level of vigilance at all times, including when travelling, in crowded public places, camps for displaced people, religious gatherings and places of worship, markets, shopping malls, hotels, bars, restaurants and transport hubs. You should make sure you have carefully considered the threat and have reasonable, proportionate mitigation measures in place. Those engaged in humanitarian aid work, journalism or business sectors are viewed as legitimate targets. If you are kidnapped, the reason for your presence is unlikely to serve as protection or secure your safe release.

The long-standing policy of the British government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage-takers. The British government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners builds the capability of terrorist groups and finances their activities. This can, in turn, increase the risk of further hostage taking. The Terrorism Act (2000) makes payments to terrorists illegal.

There is a heightened threat of terrorist attack globally against UK interests and British nationals from groups or individuals motivated by the conflicts in Iraq and Syria.

The traditional Ethiopian calendar is different from the Gregorian calendar that is widely used internationally. New Year is in September and there are 12 months of 30 days followed by a 13th month of 5 days (or 6 in a leap year). The Ethiopian calendar is 7-8 years behind the Gregorian calendar. If dealing with official documents, you can expect the date to be written in the Ethiopian calendar.

Time of day is also counted differently by traditional Ethiopian mechanisms. Daytime hours are counted beginning from what would be 0600 using a globally standard 24-hour clock, and nightime hours from 1800. “2am” on the Ethiopian clock is therefore equivalent to 0800. Most hotels and larger organisations’ documents, including all airline tickets, are expressed using the global clock rather than the traditional Ethiopian clock. But many individuals and smaller organisations continue to use the Ethiopian clock. If you are not sure the time of a meeting or an event check with your host which clock is being used (‘Ethiopian time’ or ‘Western time’).

Ethiopia is a religiously diverse and largely tolerant country. However, many believers are devout in their respective faiths and you should make sure to respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions. Be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend, especially during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious sites of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Outside Addis Ababa, particularly in rural areas, women may wish to dress modestly to avoid the possibility of causing offence. Modest dress is a must when visiting religious sites.

Ethiopian Orthodox Christians fast each Wednesday, Friday and in several other periods. In predominantly Orthodox areas, at these times only vegan dishes are likely to be available except in larger hotels and restaurants catering to foreigners.

Homosexual acts (applying to both sexes) are illegal, and carry penalties of between 1 and 15 years imprisonment. Be sensitive to local laws and customs and avoid public displays of affection. See our information and advice page for the LGBT community before you travel.

It is illegal to take photos near military zones or of military personnel; near the Presidential Palace in Addis Ababa and where signs clearly prohibit photography.

It is illegal to carry more than 3,000 Ethiopian Birr when entering or leaving Ethiopia. If you are travelling to Djibouti from Ethiopia you may carry up to 10,000 Birr. If you are found to be carrying cash in excess of these amounts it will be seized and you may face a prison sentence.

Visitors must declare on entry or exit any cash in excess of USD$10,000 (or the equivalent in other foreign currency). Residents of Ethiopia must declare any cash in excess of USD$4,000. Travellers leaving Ethiopia with cash in excess of these amounts must present the customs declaration form obtained at the point of entry, or the bank advice note if the currency was purchased locally. These documents are valid for 30 days from the date of issue.

If you are entering Ethiopia via a land border you must declare any cash exceeding USD$500 (or the equivalent in other foreign currency).

You will need an export certificate to take antiques out of the country, otherwise the items are likely to be confiscated and you may face prosecution.

Owning ivory is strictly prohibited. A number of British nationals found with ivory jewellery have had their items confiscated by authorities and fined between 5,000 and 25,000 birr.

Drug offences are treated seriously in Ethiopia. Don’t become involved with drugs of any kind. Khat is a legal drug in Ethiopia but it is an offence to take it out of the country. Bags are regularly searched at Addis Ababa Bole Airport and anyone found to be in possession of Khat is likely to face criminal prosecution.

Banned or restricted items

There are no guidelines covering the use of drones in Ethiopia. They may be confiscated at airports or at the border. Seek and carry written permission from the Ethiopian Government before using drones.

Satellite phones and binoculars cannot be imported to Ethiopia without prior approval. Seek advice from your travel provider on permissions required. Unapproved items may be confiscated by authorities.

This page reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British Citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

For further information contact the embassy, high commission or consulate of the country or territory you’re travelling to. You should also consider checking with your transport provider or travel company to make sure your passport and other travel documents meet their requirements.

All travellers

Visas

You will need a valid visa and a valid travel document to enter Ethiopia.

Visitors must obtain a visa from the official Ethiopian e-visa platform [https://www.evisa.gov.et] or from their nearest Ethiopian Embassy before travelling. You will need to show a valid visa before boarding your flight and upon entry.

The penalty for overstaying your visa is USD10 per person per day plus the cost to renew your visa. If you overstay you will have to pay your fine in full before you are able to leave Ethiopia. Visitors entering Ethiopia without a valid travel document and Ethiopian visa may be detained and/or fined.

Holders of valid Ethiopian Diplomatic ID Cards, Ethiopian Temporary Residents Permits or Ethiopian Origin ID (Yellow Cards) can enter without a visa.

Passport validity

Your passport should be valid for a minimum period of 6 months from the date of entry into Ethiopia. Make sure you have two blank pages in your passport on arrival.

Yellow fever certificate requirements

Check whether you need a yellow fever certificate by visiting the National Travel Health Network and Centre’s TravelHealthPro website.

Immigration status

If you’re visiting Ethiopia on a tourist visa, you will be unable to take employment, including voluntary employment. If visitors are caught in breach of their immigration status they may face severe fines or possible imprisonment.

Once you’re in Ethiopia you will not be able to change your immigration status. If you have any concerns about your immigration status in Ethiopia, you should contact the local immigration authorities.

Covid-19

The Ethiopian government removed all COVID-19 vaccination restrictions for travellers on 28 October 2022.

Check your passport and travel documents before you travel

Your passport should be valid for a minimum period of 6 months from the date of entry into Ethiopia. Make sure you have two blank pages in your passport on arrival. Check with your travel provider to make sure your passport and other travel documents meet their requirements.

If you have a health condition, or you are pregnant, you may need specialist healthcare abroad. Check whether your destination country can provide the healthcare you may need and ensure you have appropriate travel insurance for unexpected medical evacuation or local treatment.

At least 8 weeks before your trip, check the latest country-specific health advice from the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) on the TravelHealthPro website. Each country-specific page has information on vaccine recommendations, any current health risks or outbreaks, and factsheets with information on staying healthy abroad. Guidance is also available from NHS (Scotland) on the FitForTravel website.

General information on travel vaccinations and a travel health checklist is available on the NHS website. You may then wish to contact your health adviser or pharmacy for advice on other preventive measures and managing any pre-existing medical conditions while you’re abroad.

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or purchased in the UK can be different in other countries. If you’re travelling with prescription or over-the-counter medicine, read this guidance from NaTHNaC on best practice when travelling with medicines. For further information on the legal status of a specific medicine, you’ll need to contact the embassy, high commission or consulate of the country or territory you’re travelling to.

While travel can be enjoyable, it can sometimes be challenging. There are clear links between mental and physical health, so looking after yourself during travel and when abroad is important. Information on travelling with mental health conditions is available in our guidance page. Further information is also available from the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC).

Medical treatment

There are a number of hospitals in Addis Ababa but only private hospitals offer a reasonable standard of basic care for minor health problems. Dentistry options are especially lacking. Ambulance services are also limited. Outside the capital medical facilities remain extremely poor. You should carry a comprehensive medical pack when travelling out of Addis Ababa. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad, evacuation by air ambulance and repatriation. You should contact your insurance / medical assistance company promptly if you are referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Other health risks

UK health authorities have classified Ethiopia as having a risk of Zika virus transmission.

Malaria is common in areas of the country below 2,000 metres above sea level. Addis Ababa sits at 2,400 metres but a number of sites popular with tourists are below 2,000.

Bilharzia is present in the vast majority of lakes in Ethiopia - you should check before swimming.

Water-borne diseases are common. Drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks.

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Ethiopia, including Addis Ababa. More information about altitude sickness is available from TravelHealthPro.

There is an ongoing outbreak of Cholera in the south of Ethiopia.

For more information and advice on health risks in Ethiopia, visit the National Travel Health Network and Centre.

Ethiopia is largely a cash based society. Credit cards are accepted at only a very few outlets in Addis Ababa and it is not normally possible to get currency advances against a credit card. International bank and debit cards are accepted at major banks’ ATMs in the capital but there are very limited banking facilities in most other areas. Make sure you have an adequate supply of cash before travelling outside the capital.

If you change foreign currency into Birr, you should ensure that you keep your receipt, as without this you are unlikely to be able to change any left over money back at the end of your trip.

Foreign travel checklist

Read our foreign travel checklist to help you plan for your trip abroad and stay safe while you’re there.

Travel safety

The FCDO travel advice helps you make your own decisions about foreign travel. Your safety is our main concern, but we can’t provide tailored advice for individual trips. If you’re concerned about whether or not it’s safe for you to travel, you should read the travel advice for the country or territory you’re travelling to, together with information from other sources you’ve identified, before making your own decision on whether to travel. Only you can decide whether it’s safe for you to travel.

When we judge the level of risk to British nationals in a particular place has become unacceptably high, we’ll state on the travel advice page for that country or territory that we advise against all or all but essential travel. Read more about how the FCDO assesses and categorises risk in foreign travel advice.

Our crisis overseas page suggests additional things you can do before and during foreign travel to help you stay safe.

Refunds and cancellations

If you wish to cancel or change a holiday that you’ve booked, you should contact your travel company. The question of refunds and cancellations is a matter for you and your travel company. Travel companies make their own decisions about whether or not to offer customers a refund. Many of them use our travel advice to help them reach these decisions, but we do not instruct travel companies on when they can or can’t offer a refund to their customers.

For more information about your rights if you wish to cancel a holiday, visit the Citizen’s Advice Bureau website. For help resolving problems with a flight booking, visit the website of the Civil Aviation Authority. For questions about travel insurance, contact your insurance provider and if you’re not happy with their response, you can complain to the Financial Ombudsman Service.

Registering your travel details with us

We’re no longer asking people to register with us before travel. Our foreign travel checklist and crisis overseas page suggest things you can do before and during foreign travel to plan your trip and stay safe.

Previous versions of FCDO travel advice

If you’re looking for a previous version of the FCDO travel advice, visit the National Archives website. Versions prior to 2 September 2020 will be archived as FCO travel advice. If you can’t find the page you’re looking for there, send the Travel Advice Team a request.

Further help

If you’re a British national and you have a question about travelling abroad that isn’t covered in our foreign travel advice or elsewhere on GOV.UK, you can submit an enquiry, or contact us on Twitter or Facebook. We’re not able to provide tailored advice for specific trips.